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雅思阅读

雅思阅读是非判断题解题技巧

2017-07-28

来源:互联网

小编:Hosea 240
摘要:

  是非判断题是雅思的特色题型之一,中国考生由于适应了传统判断题 "非对即错"的惯性逻辑思维,进而对 NOT GIVEN 这类特殊的情况感到很茫然,无法正确区分NOT GIVEN 与FALSE。本文欲通过分析这类题型与解题技巧,帮助考生提高做题正确率。

  首先是非判断题有两大类题型:一种是TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN,另一种是YES/NO/NOT GIVEN。两者的提问方式却有所不同,前者问的是Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage X?而后者的提问方式是Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage X?

  虽然前者考查的是考生对于文章信息的理解,后者考查的是对作者观点的把握,但这两种题型从解题方法上来说是几乎完全一致的。

  因此考生在备考的时候,基本不用注意这两种题型的差别。其次,是非判断题属于细节题,判断题的题目都是基于原文,与原文形成同义转换的关系;考生只需要利用原文的信息进行解题,几乎不需要考生进行推断,也不需要考生利用自己的常识直接判断。

  再次,是非判断题遵守“顺序原则”,也就是说题目的出题顺序与文章的顺序是一致的。通过对是非判断题的大量分析调研,笔者发现:


  一、TRUE的情况主要表现为题干是对原文的同义表达,通常用同义词/同义短语或同义结构来体现。

  1.同义词/短语间的替换:

  例如剑7 test 2 passage 3

  题目:Prior to the start of MIPTP the Makete District was almost inaccessible during the rainy season.

  原文:When the project began, Makete District was totally isolated during the rainy season.

  题目中inaccessible 是对原文totally isolated 的同义替换。

  又如:剑5 test 2 passage 2

  题干:Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy .

  原文:Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline.

  此题虽然是同义转换,但是原文内容相对比较复杂难懂。题目当中的controlled release相当于原文当中的safely punctured,而nervous energy则对应原文当中的psychic tension。这种情况下,考生只要对于原文或者题目有任何一方的不理解,则很难找出相应的同义转换,造成失分。

  2.同义结构的替换

  例如:剑5 test 2 passage 1

  题目:Modern-day plastic preparation is based on the same principles as that   patented in 1907.

  原文:On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today.

  此题题目“based on the same principle as that patented in 1907”是对与原文内容“the essential features of which are still in use today”的同义改写。总之,考生需要注意雅思“是非无”中TRUE的判断标准是题目与原文是否表达一致的内容,并不是指一模一样的内容。

  二、FASLE主要有以下这几种情况

  1.题目与原文内容直接相反,通常用反义词、not加同义词及反义结构来体现。

  例如:剑4 test 3 passage 1

  原文:Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, not for every street child.

  题目:Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support.

  分析:题目是对原文内容的否定,因此本题判断为False。

  2.原文是两个或多个情形都可以,常有both…and、and、or及also等词。题目是“必须”或“只有”其中一个情况,常有must及only等绝对词。

  原文:Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in the men's Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.

  题目:Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the men's winter Olympics.

  分析:原文中“or”体现的是并列关系,而题干却换成了“only”,改变了原文所体现的逻辑关系。

  3.原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词。

  原文中常用many、sometimes(有时)及unlikely(不太可能)等词。题目中常用all, never, no longer, solely, unique, always及impossible等不同频率,范围,可能性的词。例如:

  原文:Without a qualification from a reputable school or university, it is unlikely to find a good job。

  题目:It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.

  分析:题干中的“impossible”所体现的逻辑关系改变了原文中“unlikely”所体现的逻辑关系,故为FALSE。

  三、NOT GIVEN主要有以下这几种情况:

  1.题目中的某些内容在原文中压根没有提及,即题目中的某些内容在原文中找不到判断依据。

  如剑4 test 4 passage 2 题目:Archaeologists must be able to translate texts from ancient languages.

  原文只提到But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation,并未提及要translate texts from ancient language,故为NOT GIVEN.

  2.题目中涉及的范围与原文所涉及的范围不同。

  如:原文:我是中国人;而题目:我是黑龙江人。

  即原文虽提及了,但题目中所涉及的范围跟原文所涉及的范围不同,导致无法判断命题是否正确,故而 NOT GIVEN。

  如剑5 test1 passage 2题目:Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University.

  原文:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a 'leader' in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.

  原文对subjects给出的范围是from all walks of life, 而题目中说部分subjects 是psychology students from Yale University涉及的范围比较小,导致无法判断题目是正确还是错误,故NOT GIVEN.

  3.题目中有比较级,而原文中没有比较。原文中只是说A is good;B is good. 题目却说A is better than B.

  例如剑5 test 4 passage1 中题目: Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering.

  原文:Tourism is not always the culprit behind such changes. All kinds of wage labor, government handout, tend to undermine traditional survival systems.

  原文中只是说除了tourism外还有government handout, wage labor 导致了收集食物的传统方式发生了改变,并未就二者进行比较,所以此题为NOT GIVEN。在此,笔者需要强调比较级也是雅思是非判断中常出现的一大考点,除了比较级+than 的方式,还存在其他方式如:A is superior to B,A is inferior to B,A resembles B,A Looks like B,A is the same as B等等,需要考生在备考过程中加以留意。

  总之,考生们想要取得理想的雅思阅读考试成绩必须要有扎实的基本功,以上所讲的各种解题方法更多的是起引导的作用,考生们平时一定要多加练习,反复思考,这样才能对这种题型做到得心应手,游刃有余。

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